Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions

Agricultural Revoltion- started in Great Britain 1600s.
British Isles= Scotland, Ireland, and England.
Citizens were Subsistence Farmers (grew crops for their families)
The Inclosure Movement-land was limited to a select few who could farm the land. People who couldn't find land to farm had to move-cities had population growth. Farmers who had larger farms wanting to effectively farm-inventions were made.
Jethro Toll-thought that when people were seeding their land was wasteful: created the seed-drill. Allowed farmers to plant seeds in straight rows, improved efficiency.
Charles Townson-copied a Dutch idea called crop rotating-each plant required different nutrient from soil. By rotating the soil, by rotating the crops the soil could replenish those needed nutrients.
The discovery of iron allowed to replace wood tools with metal.
Industrial Revolution-
More workers in the cities. Two main natura resources in Great Britain=iron and coal & cotton
-Lots of land, workers, and natural resources helped Great Britain.
Lots of rivers, water. Helped with transportation, food, and power.  Disadvantage-floods and droughts. Not all cities had rivers.
Textile Industry- mechanics. making clothing, cloth. Production has increased by machines. could produce approximatly 320 millions yards of silk in 24 hours. One of the 1st factories was a cotton & silk factory.
Steam engines-steam being used as a source of power. Steam-powered boats helped transport faster and more efficently. Communication was advanced. News and info for the inventions spreads faster by 2x.

Test Review Questions

1.) The Renaissance began in this country: Italy
2.) An interest in the classic is called: humanities
3.) Who wrote the first modern biography?:
4.) Who wrote The Prince?: Niccolo Machiavlli
5.) Who created David?: Michaelangelo
5.) Where was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance?: Florence, Italy.
6.) Who painted Mona Lisa?: Leonardo da Vinci
7.) What was the famous family in Florence who ruled?: Medici
8.) Donatello, Michaelangelo, and Ghiberti were all: Renaissance artists
9.) Who painted The Last Supper?: Leonardo da Vinci
10.) Who painted the Sistine Chapel?: Michaelangelo
11.) Who invented the movable type: Gutenberg
12.) What is a french name for a castle?: Chateau
13.) Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxenberg are referred to as what countries?: Benelux
14.) In the Renaissance they began to paint with what? Perspective
15.) Who wrote the book Utopia?: Thomas More
16.) Who wrote Romeo and Juliet?: William Shakespeare
17.) This is a change in the church's way of teaching and practicing Christianity: Protestratism
18.) These were certificates isssued by the church that were said to reduce the punishment for one's sins: Indulgences
19.) Who believed in justification by faith?: Martin Luther
20.) Luther nailed these to the door of the church to protest the Catholic beleifs: 95 theses
21.) What was the first Protestant faith?: Lutheranism
22.) Who was the founder of Lutheranism?: Martin Luther
23.) Who was the Swiss Reformer?: John Calvin
24.) What is a church-run state called?: Theocracy
25.) Who wrote The Institutes Of Christian Religion?: John Calvin
26.) Who was the founder of Calvinism?: John Calvin
27.) What is it called when God determines the fate of all: Predestination
28.) These people believed only adults could be baptized: Puritism
29.) Who was Henry's first wife?: Catherine\
30.) 2nd wife? Anne
31.) 3rd wife? Jane
32.) 4th wife? Anne
33.) 5th wife? Catherine
34.) 6th wife? Catherine
35.) What happened to Henry's wives?
36.) 1st-Divorced
37.) 2nd-Beheaded
38.) 3rd-Died
39.) 4th-Divorced
40.) 5th-Beheaded
41.) 6th-Survived.
42.) Why did Henry VIII get married so many times? He wanted to have a son.
43.) Name Henry's children: Mary, Elizabeth, Edward
44.) Who became the head of the Church during Henry VIII's reign?: Henry VIII
45.) The inquisition was brought about to restore whose authority?:
46.) This was a change by the Catholic churh:
47.) Who was the founder of the Jesusits?: Ignatius
48.) What was the name of the society of Jesus?: Juesusists
49.) The main job of the Jesusists was to be:
50.) The qualities of being merciful, trustworthy, humane, religious, and honest were the qualities of a good person according to whom?:

Notes

William Shakespeare-
-Wrote Romeo and Juliet.


Christopher Colombus-
-Traveled the Carribean Sea and explored for Spain.

John Calvin-
-Geneva was the center of Calvinism.

Robert Hook-
-He developed the compound microscope.

Leonardo da Vinci-
-Sketched and invented early tanks and cars.

Michaelangelo-
-His most famous is the Piete.
-Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

Prince Henry-
-He discovered the center for navigation and exploration.

Miguel de Servantes-
-Servantis wrote Quixote.

Sir Thomas More-
-Wrote Utopia in which he shared a vision of equal societies.

Louise Labe-
-Author who incouraged women to write books.

Peter Buerghal-
-Painted the Peasent Dance which is a painting that relied on detail and realism

Niccolo Machiavelli-
-Wrote a book called The Prince.

Filippo Brunelleschi-
-Designed and built a dome for the Florence Cathedral.

Johannes Gutenberg-
-Invented the mobile-type printing press.

Aretmisia Gentileschi-
-Painted pictures of strong women including a self-portrait.

Martin Luther-
-Wrote the 95 theses challenging the Catholic Church.

Nicoluas Copernicus-
-Published the theory that the Earth was not the center of the universe.

Andreas Vesalius-
-Published detail dscriptions of the human anatomy.

Galileo Galilei-
-Created a powerful telescope and was the first to observe and record sunspots.

Ambrose Pare-
-A surgeon who develoepd the use of bandages.

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo drew the plans for the first armored car in 1485.

He also designed the cannon, a machine gun, gliders, turnspit for roasting meat, canal system to irrigate fields, and invented the parachute.

Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo were not friends despite both being artists during this time.

Unusually for the era in which he lived, Leonardo Da Vinci was a vegetarian, for humanitarian reasons.

He was born April 15th, 1452 and passed on May 2, 1519.

described as the Renaissance Man and is considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time.

He was a polymath: sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer.

 He was considered an artist at 15.

 He was an apprentice for Verrocchico.

 in 1472 Leoarnado was accepted into the painters' guild of Florence.

 He spent 17 years in Milan.

 In France during his later years he painted little but did more scientific work.

 His most famous works are the Mona Lisa, The last Supper, The Virgin of the Rocks, and several anantomy drawings.

Anne Boleyn

-Married January 1533-the 2nd wife of King Henry VIII
-Henry was not pleased in the marriage and had several affairs, including Anne's sister. Anne was charged with adultery and alleged to be in other affairs as well although innocent on these accounts..
-Her first born was a girl born in September 1533. Henry was unhappy. She later became Queen Elizabeth I.
-2nd child was a boy but she miscarried. Henry was angered so he beheaded her.
 -Her appeal for her life failed so she was beheaded on May 19th 1536.

Notes

Reformation- process of changing the church.
1.Catholic Church- lost sight of its spiritual mission. Needed money. Pope Leo X hires John Tetzel)  to sell indulgences-pardons for your sins past or future/ dead loved ones. Profit for Church.
 2.) Popes did not set an example of moral leadership.
3.) The priest engaged in misconduct.
4.) The church was mor concerned about makinf money than of the people.
5.)There was no central government in Germany (which meant no control over religious ideas or papel abuses.)
6.) Tetzel began selling the indulgences.

Martin Luther- monk. Started off in law school. Believed in the "justification by faith." He writes the 95 theses & nails them to the church door in Whittenberg, Germany. They attacked the ideas of the indulgences. Luther is expelled from the Catholic Church.

7.) Luther was summoned to appear before the Imperial Diet- the counsil of the Catholic Church in Worms, Germany.

8.) Luther is commanded to abandon his ideas. He refuses.
9.) He is exiled from the empire, his works are banned.
10.) Martin Luther translates the Bible into German.
11.) Luther's works and ideas continue to spread.
12.) Luther establishes the first Protestant Church.
13.) The first denomination was Lutheranism.