Chapter 14 Section 1 Notes:
-During the late 1000s the Seljuq Turks gained control of Palenstine (The '"Holy Land" to Christians, Jews, and Muslims)
Urban II- pope called for help from Byzantine Empire. Met in Clermont, Fracnce with church leaders and feudal lords.
The Crusades-
a series of military expeditions to regain the Holy Land. Crusaders sewed a cross of cloth on their clothes, 10,000 of Europeans. (cruciata means "marked with a cross")
went to save their souls, gain land and wealth, or make money.
The First Crusade=
lasted from 1096 to 1099. Led serveral armies of crusaders from Europe to Constantinople. They wpre heavy garents, lacked food and waters. Despite this, the forged on to capture Antioch. As they arrived to Jerusalem they have a series of vicious battles, and the crusades captured Jerusalem. In the massacre, the slaughtered its Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. Brought much of the Holy Land under Euro. control. Introduced the idea of feudalism.
-For almost 100 years European Christians held onto Palestine. Turks slowly won it back.
The Second Crusade=
1146 the Turks united their forces. In 1147 the Second Crusade began. King Lous VII of France and German king Conrad III led seperate armies across Europe, joined forces at Damascus. They failed to recapture the city though, returned in disgrace in 1149.
The Third Crusade=
1187 Muslim Leader Saladun gained control of Jerusalem. Holy Roman Frederick Barbosa, King Philip II and King Richard I led seperate armies. Lasted 1189-1192, failed. Richard and Sladin made a truce, allowed Christians to enter Jerusalem freely.
The Fourth Crusade=
Pope Innocent III gathered french knights in 1202. Ship, Venecians, Zadar.
In 1204 crusaders attacked Constantinople, was under control for 60 years. The Byzantine Empire collapsed when the Turks seized Constantinopl ein 1453.
Other Crusades=
In 1212 the Children's Crusade took place. Marching to the holy land, young people from across Europe decided to reagain it for Christian Europe.
-Lacked adequate training, equipment, and supplies. by the time they reached the Mediterranean coast, the army of childrens was hungry, disorganized.
-pope sent some of them back home, and others reached southern France, where they were tricked into boarding ships that carried them off to slavery instead of to the Holy Land. Several thousands of children were lost in the course of this tragedy.
-European crusaders tried to recapture the Holy Land for many years, and the crusades continued until 1291. This was when the Muslims captured the city of Acre (last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land), but with its fall, the crusades ended.
Results of the Crusades=
-goal of the crusades was to take the Holy land from the Turks. All failed except the first one. In the end, the Muslims controlled Palestine, During the crusades, the weapon of choice was usually the crossbow.
-brought about new weapon, like: catapults and how to undermine walls, and also gunpowder. Since many lords sold their land, leaving them with no power, which left the European kings growing stronger. This led them to place taxes and lead armies drawn from their entire country.
-Christian church became more important & the role of the Pope.
Monday, January 30, 2012
Vow of Silence
The Vow of Silence challenge today was very interesting, to say the least. It was challenging, in a way. Especially during partner and team work. My day would be entirely different. I'd struggle with dealing with people more and have much more time to think without words. The day would seem longer, but I;d be more perspective about the world around me. I have learned to an extent how difficult communicating and lfie would be if you followed it everyday. It also gives un an insight on the daily lives of the monks and nuns that do this. A few skills that I didn't realized we needed so much are needed to complete the work we did today. To be specific, cooperation was key. We all had to be patient witrh one another so we could communicate and efficently work together. Also, we all needed to know how to use team skills and using other ways of voicing to get to communicate with others.
Thursday, January 26, 2012
Notes
Bathing-
1. People bathed once a month.
2. Theyw ore the same clothes day after day. Only had one outfit.
3. Used lavender flowers and mint in the water for cleaning. They were used to keep the fleas away because they had a lot of animals and straw in their houses.
Chairman-
1.) The word chairman comes from the Middle Ages where a house had only on chair, for the exclusive use of the man of the family.
Sleeping-
1. At night time people would pile onto a mattress-a lump of straw on the floor. the whole family slept in the same bed (Mom, Dad, Sisters, Brothers, etc.) If an animal was friendly they may sleep in the bed-to keep everyone warm.
Troubadors-
1. Troubadors traveled from town to town "singing for their supper"
2. His songs were often about love or the glory of kings.
3. Troubadors would strum a lute or a guitar.
1. People bathed once a month.
2. Theyw ore the same clothes day after day. Only had one outfit.
3. Used lavender flowers and mint in the water for cleaning. They were used to keep the fleas away because they had a lot of animals and straw in their houses.
Chairman-
1.) The word chairman comes from the Middle Ages where a house had only on chair, for the exclusive use of the man of the family.
Sleeping-
1. At night time people would pile onto a mattress-a lump of straw on the floor. the whole family slept in the same bed (Mom, Dad, Sisters, Brothers, etc.) If an animal was friendly they may sleep in the bed-to keep everyone warm.
Troubadors-
1. Troubadors traveled from town to town "singing for their supper"
2. His songs were often about love or the glory of kings.
3. Troubadors would strum a lute or a guitar.
Tuesday, January 24, 2012
Chapter 13 Section 4 Notes
Alfred the Great- Formed the Anglo-Saxons.
Edward the Confessor- the last Anglo-Saxon king. Had no direct heir. Which lead to The Battle of Hastings in 1066 between Harold Godwinston was brother-in-law- not blood related. William, Duke of Normandy- was French.
William defeats Harold, given the title of William the Conqueror.
1.) Starts to collect taxes through a census. 1st since ancient Roman times to collect a census. Shires (Sheriff) collected the data. Domesday (Doomsday) book was where the information was held.
Henry the 1st succeded him.
Henry the 2nd succeeds him. Thomas Becket was his best friend. Henry wanted to change the government. Thought the church shouldn't be above it. His best friend Becket was the Archbishop of Canterbury, opposed his idea greatly. They fueded over it, and after Thomas stormed out, Henry wished for his friends death in the anger of the moment. Overhearing knights take the order upon themselves and kill Thomas in his cathedral at the altar. Guilt overwhelmes Henry the 2nd and his reign crumbles.
King John was Henry the 2nd's son. He heavily taxed people to support his wars in France.Meet in Runymeade in 1215. The Magna Carta (the great charter) King John was forced to sign it.
-Magna carta gave church freedom, trial by jury, freedom from taxation without cause and consent, and due process of law, empowered a group of barons to take up arms against the king if he violated its conditions.
-protected the liberties of nobles, plus a limited outline of right's for ordinary people.
-King could not collect any new/special taxes with Great Counsil's consent.
-John could not take property without paying for it. Could not sell, refuse, or delay justice.
-King also agreed to let any accused person be judgedd by a jury of his/her peers.
This meant that the king had to obey the law like his subjects or face revolt and overthrow.
Edward the Confessor- the last Anglo-Saxon king. Had no direct heir. Which lead to The Battle of Hastings in 1066 between Harold Godwinston was brother-in-law- not blood related. William, Duke of Normandy- was French.
William defeats Harold, given the title of William the Conqueror.
1.) Starts to collect taxes through a census. 1st since ancient Roman times to collect a census. Shires (Sheriff) collected the data. Domesday (Doomsday) book was where the information was held.
Henry the 1st succeded him.
Henry the 2nd succeeds him. Thomas Becket was his best friend. Henry wanted to change the government. Thought the church shouldn't be above it. His best friend Becket was the Archbishop of Canterbury, opposed his idea greatly. They fueded over it, and after Thomas stormed out, Henry wished for his friends death in the anger of the moment. Overhearing knights take the order upon themselves and kill Thomas in his cathedral at the altar. Guilt overwhelmes Henry the 2nd and his reign crumbles.
King John was Henry the 2nd's son. He heavily taxed people to support his wars in France.Meet in Runymeade in 1215. The Magna Carta (the great charter) King John was forced to sign it.
-Magna carta gave church freedom, trial by jury, freedom from taxation without cause and consent, and due process of law, empowered a group of barons to take up arms against the king if he violated its conditions.
-protected the liberties of nobles, plus a limited outline of right's for ordinary people.
-King could not collect any new/special taxes with Great Counsil's consent.
-John could not take property without paying for it. Could not sell, refuse, or delay justice.
-King also agreed to let any accused person be judgedd by a jury of his/her peers.
This meant that the king had to obey the law like his subjects or face revolt and overthrow.
Thursday, January 12, 2012
United Kingdom
If I could visit anywhere, I would enjoy visiting the United Kingdom, especially London. I would immensly like going to see the London Eye. Also, I have been fascinated with music produced from London, so going to into Rough Trade Records or being able to see an impromptu Arctic Monkeys concert would be incredible. Visiting Abbey Road would be a dream of mine as well.
Wednesday, January 11, 2012
Pop-Up Books Notes
Lindsey- Bosnia
1. Serbian is the language spoken in Bosnia.
2. Children stories are written about morals, religion, and their lifestyle.
3. Jews and Gypsies were sent to many death camps in Bosnia during the Holocaust.
4. Poorly made toys are played with.
5. They design eggs on Easter.
Shania- Peru
1. Their government is a constitutional reuplic.
2. In Peru, children play with marbles, coins, and regular sports as we play.
3. Issac Goldenburg is a famous author/writer from Peru.
4. Rice, potatoes, chicken, fish, and vegetables are regular ingredients in their daily meals.
5. Weaving, portraits, cultural mosaics, sculptures, and other paintings are common arts in Peru.
Faith- Brazil
1. The school day lasts about four hours.
2. The Amazon rainforest still holds tribes that are isolated from civilzation.
3. Brazilian folk tales were first told by the indegious people.
4. Queiamada is a popular game that children play that is similar to team tag.
5. Brazil is the only country that does not speak Spanish in South America.
Caleb- Zimbabwe
1. Kirstie Comventry is a famous Olympic swimmer originating from Zimbabwe.
2. Burger is a game played by children to learn about adulthood.
3. Parlimentry Decmocracy is their government.
4. April 18th is their Independence Day
5. Zimbawbe dates back before the 1400s.
Mark- Greece
1. 10,601,524 people live in Greece.
2. Homer wrote the famous works The Iliad and the Odyssey.
3. Aesop wrote the famous moral the Tortoise and the Hare and has taught many lessons on life.
4. Baked lamb with potatoes is a common meal with the Greeks.
5. The Delphi theater is a popular tourist attractions sits 5,000 people.
John- Spain
1. Turren is a popular Spanish almond candy dish eaten.
2. Pio Peep is the children's main nursery rhyme book in Spain.
3. Madrid is the capital of Spain.
4. In 1493 Spain started to colonize North America.
5. December 8th they celebrate the day Saint Mary was purified.
Hannah- Portugal
1. One of the poems Fly Ladybug Fly is oddly popular in Portugal.
2. Instruments are used for enteratainment.
3. Custard is a main dessert.
4. April 25th is their Independennce Day.
5. The Portugese Revolution ended monarchy there in 1910.
Haley- Switzerland
1. Their government is a federal republic.
2. Swedish is their native language.
3. Ragdolls are common toys in Switzerland.
4. Albert Stephen originated from Sweden, writing and being the author of The Calender of Soul.
5. Most festivals are celebrated with fireworks.
Samantha- Morocco
1. Children go to school 30 hours in a week.
2. Weddings last two days, with men having up to four wives.
3. They have the 6th most popular language in the world.
4. They have 28 letters in their alphabet.
5. Beef is not eaten in Morocco.
Madori- Germany
1. Turkish, Russian, Polish, and German is all spoken in Germany.
2. Thumb toys are used for fun by children.
3. Germany has a president that is Head of State, but not of the country.
4. All Saints Day is similar to Halloween.
5. Adolf Hitler was considered a leader, despite him being catagorized as a dictator.
Kristen- Japan
1. Matsuo-basho created many literary works.
2. Japan is one of the best educated contries.
3. They have a empereor and constitutional monarchy.
4. Slurping the misu soup shows appreciation and respect of the meal.
5. Yoko-Hama is a desired travel location in Japan.
Taylor- Fiji
1. They have no native language-English and Hindu is spoken.
2. Happiness, sadness, and life are topics told through children's books.
3. They do not wear hats in their village for they do not want to disrepect the chief.
4. Schools in Figi are expensive.
5. They only have 700 primary schools.
Raychel- Italy
1. Cinderelle is the Italian version of Cinderella, a popular tale told there.
2. Gergio Napalintenoto is their current prime minister.
3. From ages 5 to 16 school is required.
4. January 5th is their typical Christmas Eve.
5. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a popular tourist attraction in Italy.
Karlie- Egypt
1. Arabic is their native language, with added dialect.
2. Iris Aly is a famous Egyptian whose books have been even printed in English.
3. They invented the spinning top and many board games.
4. In 1822 heiroglyphics were finally deciphered.
5. Guests are required to give presents to the host when invited to eat.
Paige- Argentina
1. The Magic Bean Tree is a famous legend.
2. Their main major sport is soccer.
3. Christina Hernandes is the current president of Argentina.
4. Lunch is the most important meal of the day.
5. Free education is available and required for children ages 6-14.
Katara- France
1. The Effiel Tower is the most popular tourist attraction found in France.
2. Victor Hugo who wrote the Hunchback of Notre Dame originated from France.
3. They have toy libraries where children can rent toys instead of books.
4. School is not required after the age of 15.
5. Cheese and dairy are major parts in their cuisine.
Gunnar- Thailand
1. They had a monarchy until 1932, although they still have a King.
2. Thailand has one of the largest armies in the world.
3. Until 1939 the country was named Siam.
4. They have one of the highest literary rates in the world.
5. The Baht is used as their currency.
Dale- Panama
1. The Panamal canal is a famous attraction.
2. Most people there are Roman-Catholic.
3. Panama City is their capital.
4. The famous children's story Babar the Elephant originated from Panama.
5. Children play with marbles, dolls, and other familiar toys.
Courtney- Scotland
1. "Count the Stars" is a famous nursery rhyme for babies there.
2. Their language is similar to modern English, with added dialect.
3. Parks and gyms are popular places for children to play.
4. It is costumed to eat Banicks which are griddled cakes made of oatmeal.
5. They get paid to go to school after the age of 16.
Josh- United Kingdom
1. Over 62 million people live in England.
2. J.K.Rowling is an extremely famous author from here who wrote the Harry Potter series.
3. Crickett is the main sport there.
4. They have a monarchy; Queen Elizabeth the 2nd is the current ruler.
5. Fish sandwiches and chips served in newspaper is a native meal.
Viola- Ireland
1. In the 5th century Irish literature became fully literate.
2. Mr. Fox is a game similar to tag. They also have a rendition of Duck Duck Goose.
3. Dublin is the capital.
4. Their governemnt is a Republic and Parlimentary Democracy.
5. For hundreds of years vegetables, meat, and fish have been their source of food.
Gabrielle- Bolivia
1. Spanish is heir offical language, although 30 other languages are spoken there.
2. Humpty Dumpty is the usual nursery rhyme told in Bolivia.
3. Children hardly play with real toys.
4. On February 19th a carnival is held for celebration.
5. The Moon Valley is a tourist attraction found in Bolivia.
Abby- Madagascar
1. The main language spoken is Mali but French and English is also spoken there.
2. Rice is eaten for every meal, serving as the main dish.
3. Poem is used heavily in Madagascar.
4. Swimming, playing raboka, and boad games are children's form of entertainment.
5. Jean Jospeh and Charlotte Samsoa are famous literary authors.
Chase- Venezuela
1. Traditional toys are marbles, tops, and yoyos.
2. They have a Federal Republic as their government.
3. They enjoy dips and salsas as festive food.
4. Their Independence Day is April 19th.
5. In 1811 Venezuela declared independence from Spain.
Sara- Sweden
1. Childen's literature is important in Sweden.
2. For entertainment children play outside and in parks a lot with marbles and dolls.
3. Fish is a big dish for cuisine.
4. Lucis is on December 13th, a Swedish holiday.
5. In 1254 Stolkholm, their capital city, was founded.
Kelsea- El Salvador
1. Spanish and their native languge is spoken here.
2. Poetry is their most famous form of literature, with most children's books being bilingual.
3. Children play with similar toys as ours.
4. Coffee is drank by both adults and children.
5. They have a republic as their form of government.
1. Serbian is the language spoken in Bosnia.
2. Children stories are written about morals, religion, and their lifestyle.
3. Jews and Gypsies were sent to many death camps in Bosnia during the Holocaust.
4. Poorly made toys are played with.
5. They design eggs on Easter.
Shania- Peru
1. Their government is a constitutional reuplic.
2. In Peru, children play with marbles, coins, and regular sports as we play.
3. Issac Goldenburg is a famous author/writer from Peru.
4. Rice, potatoes, chicken, fish, and vegetables are regular ingredients in their daily meals.
5. Weaving, portraits, cultural mosaics, sculptures, and other paintings are common arts in Peru.
Faith- Brazil
1. The school day lasts about four hours.
2. The Amazon rainforest still holds tribes that are isolated from civilzation.
3. Brazilian folk tales were first told by the indegious people.
4. Queiamada is a popular game that children play that is similar to team tag.
5. Brazil is the only country that does not speak Spanish in South America.
Caleb- Zimbabwe
1. Kirstie Comventry is a famous Olympic swimmer originating from Zimbabwe.
2. Burger is a game played by children to learn about adulthood.
3. Parlimentry Decmocracy is their government.
4. April 18th is their Independence Day
5. Zimbawbe dates back before the 1400s.
Mark- Greece
1. 10,601,524 people live in Greece.
2. Homer wrote the famous works The Iliad and the Odyssey.
3. Aesop wrote the famous moral the Tortoise and the Hare and has taught many lessons on life.
4. Baked lamb with potatoes is a common meal with the Greeks.
5. The Delphi theater is a popular tourist attractions sits 5,000 people.
John- Spain
1. Turren is a popular Spanish almond candy dish eaten.
2. Pio Peep is the children's main nursery rhyme book in Spain.
3. Madrid is the capital of Spain.
4. In 1493 Spain started to colonize North America.
5. December 8th they celebrate the day Saint Mary was purified.
Hannah- Portugal
1. One of the poems Fly Ladybug Fly is oddly popular in Portugal.
2. Instruments are used for enteratainment.
3. Custard is a main dessert.
4. April 25th is their Independennce Day.
5. The Portugese Revolution ended monarchy there in 1910.
Haley- Switzerland
1. Their government is a federal republic.
2. Swedish is their native language.
3. Ragdolls are common toys in Switzerland.
4. Albert Stephen originated from Sweden, writing and being the author of The Calender of Soul.
5. Most festivals are celebrated with fireworks.
Samantha- Morocco
1. Children go to school 30 hours in a week.
2. Weddings last two days, with men having up to four wives.
3. They have the 6th most popular language in the world.
4. They have 28 letters in their alphabet.
5. Beef is not eaten in Morocco.
Madori- Germany
1. Turkish, Russian, Polish, and German is all spoken in Germany.
2. Thumb toys are used for fun by children.
3. Germany has a president that is Head of State, but not of the country.
4. All Saints Day is similar to Halloween.
5. Adolf Hitler was considered a leader, despite him being catagorized as a dictator.
Kristen- Japan
1. Matsuo-basho created many literary works.
2. Japan is one of the best educated contries.
3. They have a empereor and constitutional monarchy.
4. Slurping the misu soup shows appreciation and respect of the meal.
5. Yoko-Hama is a desired travel location in Japan.
Taylor- Fiji
1. They have no native language-English and Hindu is spoken.
2. Happiness, sadness, and life are topics told through children's books.
3. They do not wear hats in their village for they do not want to disrepect the chief.
4. Schools in Figi are expensive.
5. They only have 700 primary schools.
Raychel- Italy
1. Cinderelle is the Italian version of Cinderella, a popular tale told there.
2. Gergio Napalintenoto is their current prime minister.
3. From ages 5 to 16 school is required.
4. January 5th is their typical Christmas Eve.
5. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a popular tourist attraction in Italy.
Karlie- Egypt
1. Arabic is their native language, with added dialect.
2. Iris Aly is a famous Egyptian whose books have been even printed in English.
3. They invented the spinning top and many board games.
4. In 1822 heiroglyphics were finally deciphered.
5. Guests are required to give presents to the host when invited to eat.
Paige- Argentina
1. The Magic Bean Tree is a famous legend.
2. Their main major sport is soccer.
3. Christina Hernandes is the current president of Argentina.
4. Lunch is the most important meal of the day.
5. Free education is available and required for children ages 6-14.
Katara- France
1. The Effiel Tower is the most popular tourist attraction found in France.
2. Victor Hugo who wrote the Hunchback of Notre Dame originated from France.
3. They have toy libraries where children can rent toys instead of books.
4. School is not required after the age of 15.
5. Cheese and dairy are major parts in their cuisine.
Gunnar- Thailand
1. They had a monarchy until 1932, although they still have a King.
2. Thailand has one of the largest armies in the world.
3. Until 1939 the country was named Siam.
4. They have one of the highest literary rates in the world.
5. The Baht is used as their currency.
Dale- Panama
1. The Panamal canal is a famous attraction.
2. Most people there are Roman-Catholic.
3. Panama City is their capital.
4. The famous children's story Babar the Elephant originated from Panama.
5. Children play with marbles, dolls, and other familiar toys.
Courtney- Scotland
1. "Count the Stars" is a famous nursery rhyme for babies there.
2. Their language is similar to modern English, with added dialect.
3. Parks and gyms are popular places for children to play.
4. It is costumed to eat Banicks which are griddled cakes made of oatmeal.
5. They get paid to go to school after the age of 16.
Josh- United Kingdom
1. Over 62 million people live in England.
2. J.K.Rowling is an extremely famous author from here who wrote the Harry Potter series.
3. Crickett is the main sport there.
4. They have a monarchy; Queen Elizabeth the 2nd is the current ruler.
5. Fish sandwiches and chips served in newspaper is a native meal.
Viola- Ireland
1. In the 5th century Irish literature became fully literate.
2. Mr. Fox is a game similar to tag. They also have a rendition of Duck Duck Goose.
3. Dublin is the capital.
4. Their governemnt is a Republic and Parlimentary Democracy.
5. For hundreds of years vegetables, meat, and fish have been their source of food.
Gabrielle- Bolivia
1. Spanish is heir offical language, although 30 other languages are spoken there.
2. Humpty Dumpty is the usual nursery rhyme told in Bolivia.
3. Children hardly play with real toys.
4. On February 19th a carnival is held for celebration.
5. The Moon Valley is a tourist attraction found in Bolivia.
Abby- Madagascar
1. The main language spoken is Mali but French and English is also spoken there.
2. Rice is eaten for every meal, serving as the main dish.
3. Poem is used heavily in Madagascar.
4. Swimming, playing raboka, and boad games are children's form of entertainment.
5. Jean Jospeh and Charlotte Samsoa are famous literary authors.
Chase- Venezuela
1. Traditional toys are marbles, tops, and yoyos.
2. They have a Federal Republic as their government.
3. They enjoy dips and salsas as festive food.
4. Their Independence Day is April 19th.
5. In 1811 Venezuela declared independence from Spain.
Sara- Sweden
1. Childen's literature is important in Sweden.
2. For entertainment children play outside and in parks a lot with marbles and dolls.
3. Fish is a big dish for cuisine.
4. Lucis is on December 13th, a Swedish holiday.
5. In 1254 Stolkholm, their capital city, was founded.
Kelsea- El Salvador
1. Spanish and their native languge is spoken here.
2. Poetry is their most famous form of literature, with most children's books being bilingual.
3. Children play with similar toys as ours.
4. Coffee is drank by both adults and children.
5. They have a republic as their form of government.
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