Chapter 14 Notes

Chapter 14 Section 3 Notes:
-The Black Death began in 1347, came from Asia and spread to Europe. Black rats on the ship carried the disease. The plague was spread to people by bites from fleas on the rates. Estimated 25 million died in Europe from 1347 to 1351, about 1/3 of population.
-Shaken people's faith and God, resulted in the church losing power & authority. Peasants staged up rises.
Section 4:
-vernacular languages=people with little education spoke this speech that varied from place to place.
-Troubadours were travelling singers who wrote poems about love and chivalry, sang in castles or towns. French fabliaux were short comic stories written in rhymed verse.
-Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer were medieval writes. Dante is considered the father of Italian language. Wrote The Divine Comedy. Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales.
-scholasticism=the attempt to bring faith and reason together. Peter Abelard=philosopher, wrote Sic et Non. Thomas Aquinas= considered greatest medieval philospoher, monk of the Dominican order, wrote Summa Theologiae which summarized medieval Christian thought.

Section 5:
-Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) between England and France. Continued for 116 years as a series of raids and battles. By 1453 France controlled all of England's French lands except Calais. In 1328 the last male member of France's Capetain dynasty died. Edward III claimed the French throne. The French assembly chose Philip VI, the Count of Flanders, as king instead. in 1337 Edward brught an army to Flanders, hoping to gain control of this rich trading area.
-Saw new use of weapons in Europe. At the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, Enlgish foot soldiers used longbows (could fire arrows quickly, up to 200 yards away.) French were no match to them.  Both used gun powder and cannons in battle.
-Parliament, particularly the House of Commons, gained more power over the king. They won the right of a special council to advise the king and the right to consider new taxes before they were discussed by the House of Lords, by 1300a the king needed Parliament's consent on all special taxes.
-Shortly after the Hundred Years; War ended, a war for England's throne began. In 1455 the York and Lancaster families started the War of the Roses. White rose was the badge of the House of York. Red rose was Lancaster. in 1485 Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster won the war. H edefeated King Richard III of York. Howeevr, Henry married a daughter from the House of York. As King Henry VII, he set up a strong monarchy in England once again.
-The House if Burgundy sided with the English against the House of Orleans, preventing France from uniting against the English. Finally in 1439, with help from Joan of Arc, Charles II of Orleans was crowned king of France. in 1461 Louis XI followed Charles as king of France. He made the monarchy even stronger.
-Spain became a nited nation in 1479 under Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.